Chevrolet Cruze

Chevrolet Cruze
Holden JG Cruze CDX sedan (Australasia)
Manufacturer Suzuki (2001–2008)
General Motors (2008–present)
Also called Daewoo Lacetti Premiere
Holden Cruze
Production 2001–present

The Chevrolet Cruze is a General Motors (GM) automobile produced since 2001, spanning two generations and two unrelated vehicles. The first generation, a subcompact crossover SUV, was manufactured by Suzuki in Japan under joint venture with GM.

For the second generation 2008 onwards model, the "Cruze" moniker has been applied to a globally-developed compact sedan, designed, manufactured and retailed entirely within GM. Compared to the original, the second series is related only in name, and does not serve as its successor. Instead, the new car replaces two unrelated cars—the Chevrolet Cobalt and Daewoo Lacetti. Badged as the Daewoo Lacetti Premiere, the South Korean-market Cruze entered production in 2008, partially replacing the Daewoo Lacetti sold since 2002. This previous Lacetti was sold internationally as either a Buick, Chevrolet, Daewoo, Holden or Suzuki, but for the Cruze, GM has retained the "Chevrolet Cruze" name for most markets. Besides the South Korean Daewoo branding, Australasian-specification cars are badged Holden Cruze, with Holden set to commence local production from 2011. The North American Chevrolet Cobalt will also be phased out in 2010, replaced by the Chevrolet Cruze. Production of the Cobalt's twin, the Pontiac G5 will also cease, coinciding with the Pontiac brand's discontinuation after 2010.

Contents

First generation (2001–2008)

2001–2008 Chevrolet Cruze

Revealed as the Chevrolet YGM1 concept car at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1999, the original Cruze was derived from the subcompact Suzuki Ignis (known the Suzuki Swift in Japan).[1][2] The development of the Cruze departed from the original five-door hatchback Suzuki as a sport utility vehicle (SUV), using either the front- or four-wheel drive layout.[3][4] Despite the Chevrolet branding, the YGM1, like the production car, was the work of GM's Australian arm, Holden.[5][6] Along with the styling, Holden also executed most of the engineering work and were responsible for devising the "Cruze" nameplate.[1]

GM revealed the production Chevrolet Cruze in October 2001, with Japanese sales commencing the following month.[4] Manufactured by Suzuki in Japan,[7] the Cruze was also sold in Australasia from 2002 through to 2006 as the Holden Cruze.[8] From 2003, Suzuki of Europe began manufacturing the Cruze as the Suzuki Ignis—representing a facelift of the original Ignis. In the same year, Subaru adopted the car as the Subaru G3X Justy, also exclusive to Europe.[9]

Second generation (J300; 2008–present)

Second generation (J300)
Chevrolet Cruze LT sedan (Europe)
Manufacturer General Motors
Also called Daewoo Lacetti Premiere (South Korea)
Holden Cruze (JG)
Production 2008–present
Assembly Australia: Elizabeth, South Australia
China: Shenyang, Liaoning
India: Halol, Gujarat
Russia: Saint Petersburg
South Korea: Bupyeong-gu, Incheon
Thailand: Rayong, Rayong Province
United States: Lordstown, Ohio
Predecessor Chevrolet Cobalt
Daewoo Lacetti
Class Compact car
Body style(s) 4-door sedan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform GM Delta II platform
Wheelbase 2,685 mm (105.7 in)
Length 4,597 mm (181.0 in)
Width 1,788 mm (70.4 in)
Height 1,477 mm (58.1 in)
Related Opel Astra (J)

GM in 2008 introduced the second generation Cruze, designated J300.[10] This second iteration serves as a replacement for the Chevrolet Cobalt and Daewoo Lacetti—both unrelated cars. The first renderings of the Cruze were revealed by GM at a press conference on July 15, 2008,[11] with the first official images released on August 21, 2008.[12]

To manufacture the Cruze, GM has extensively upgraded existing plant facilities. At the U.S. facility in Lordstown, Ohio, GM is investing more than US$350 million.[13] Other production sites comprise of Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, South Korea; Saint Petersburg, Russia;[14] Shenyang, China;[15] and Halol, India.[16] Holden's localized hatchback version of the Cruze to be built at the Elizabeth, South Australia factory from 2011 (see below) will be accompanied by Australian manufacture of the Cruze sedan. From this point, Cruze imports from South Korea to Australia will be suspended.[17][18][19] At the ceremony of the start of production of Cruze at Ohio, U.S., Mark Reuss, the president of G.M.’s North American operations, called “This is everything for us”. It is described as G.M.’s most significant new vehicle introduction in the United States since last year’s bankruptcy and its latest attempt to build a small size car that Americans would buy because they like it, not because it is cheap.[20]

History of development

Underpinned by the front-wheel drive GM Delta II platform, GM said the Cruze was "developed by a global design and engineering team".[21] Most of the design work was conducted by GM Daewoo, with Opel responsible for most of the engineering.[21][22] This development program spanned over 27 months at a cost of US$4 billion. A total of 221 prototypes were tested in Australia, Canada, China, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.[23]

Holden JG Cruze CD sedan (Australasia)

According to GM, the Cruze's body structure is 65 percent high-strength steel.[24] MacPherson struts are utilized in the front suspension with a solid torsion beam axle for the rear, avoiding the costly multi-link independent rear suspension used by some more expensive rivals.[23]

Hydraulically-assisted rack and pinion steering gives for a 10.9-meter (36 ft) turning circle. Braking-wise, ventilated front, and solid rear disc brakes are employed, both using piston steel calipers.[23] To counteract noise, vibration, and harshness, engineers have designed the Cruze with an isolated four-point engine mount and implemented sound damping material in areas including the front-of-dashboard panel, luggage compartment, decklid internals, doors, carpet and headlining. Further noise suppression through the use of a triple-layer sealing system in the doors has also been employed.[23]

Safety

The Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) announced in May 2009 that it has awarded the Cruze a full five stars in their independent crash safety test, with 35.04 out of a possible 37 points.[25] The following July, the China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP) awarded the Cruze a maximum five stars in their independent crash safety test. The Cruze SE 1.6 liter tested scored a maximum of 16 points in side-impact collision, 14.44 in front-end collision, and 15.73 in the 40 percent frontal offset collision.[26] Euro NCAP released its rating in November, with the Chevrolet Cruze again receiving the full five-star grading. While the Cruze scored 96 percent for adult protection, and 84 percent for child occupant protection, Euro NCAP's figure for pedestrian protection is quoted at significantly lower 34 percent.[27] In December 2009, the South Korean-specification Cruze—the Daewoo Lacetti Premiere—received the top rating of five stars from the Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP). According to KNCAP, the Lacetti Premiere received the five-star rating in the frontal, offset frontal, side, and whiplash tests.[28]

Powertrains

Powertrains fitted to the Cruze are the 1.6 liter Family 1 four-cylinder, a 1.8 liter version of the same and a 2.0 liter VM Motori RA 420 SOHC turbocharged common rail diesel.[29] All three engines are coupled to a five-speed manual or optional six-speed automatic transmission featuring Active Select.[30][31] From 2010, a new turbocharged 1.4 liter Family 0 engine with gasoline direct-injection will be introduced.[32][33][34]

Engine Power Torque Transmission
1.4 L Ecotec I4 (t/c gasoline) 103 kW (138 hp) @ 4,900 rpm 201 N·m (148 lb·ft) @ 1,850 rpm
1,598 cc (1.6 L) Ecotec I4 (gasoline) 83 kW (111 hp) @ 6,400 rpm 153 N·m (113 lb·ft) @ 4,200 rpm
1,796 cc (1.8 L) Ecotec I4 (gasoline) 104 kW (139 hp) @ 6,200 rpm (U.S. version: 136 hp (101 kW)) 176 N·m (130 lb·ft) @ 3,800 rpm (U.S. version: 123 lb·ft (167 N·m))
1,991 cc (2.0 L) RA 420 SOHC I4 (t/c diesel) 110 kW (150 hp) @ 4,000 rpm 320 N·m (240 lb·ft) @ 2,000 rpm

In the U.S., the base model Cruze LS that is equipped with the 1.8 L engine is rated 26/36 (U.S.) mpg city/highway and 22/35, with the manual transmission and auto transmission respectively. Higher level LT and LTZ model with the 1.4 L turbo engine is rated 24/36 (U.S.) mpg city/highway with the auto transmission.[35]

In the U.K., the Cruze with 1.8 L engine and a 5 speed manual transmission is rated 9.3 L / 100 km (urban) and 5.3 L / 100 km (ex-urban); while a 6 speed auto transmission is rated 11.3 L / 100 km (urban) and 5.8 L / 100 km (ex-urban).[36]

Market

Chevrolet Cruze

Daewoo Lacetti Premiere (J300; South Korea)

Africa: The Chevrolet Cruze was launched in the Egyptian market during mid-2009.[37] South African sales of the Cruze commenced in September 2009.[38]

Asia: The Chevrolet Cruze was launched in the Chinese market on April 18, 2009.[39] Manufactured at GM India's Halol factory,[16] the Chevrolet Cruze was released in India on 12 October 2009.[40] It is offered only two versions: LT and LTZ in diesel form only (VCDi).[41] During the course of 2009, there were reports that the Cruze was to become available in Malaysia with the 1.6 and a 1.8 liter engines.[42] The Naza automotive group in Malaysia has announced that it's expecting to launch the Cruze in the Malaysian market for the first time in the second quarter of 2010 and they are expecting to sell 1,200 to 1,500 units in 2010.[43]

Europe: 1.6 and 1.8 liter petrol and 2.0 liter diesel engines are currently offered in the European-specification Cruzes. Exports from the South Korean factory began on February 24, 2009.[44]

North America: Mexico became the first North American country to receive the car, going on sale as a 2010 model in late 2009. Imported from South Korea, the Cruze in Mexico replaces both the Astra (last sold in 2008) and Optra as the compact offering there.[45][46]

The U.S. version of the Chevrolet Cruze entered production in July 2010 as a 2011 model, replacing the Chevrolet Cobalt.[47] For the American and Canadian market, the Cruze utilizes a more advanced Watts Z-link rear suspension from the Opel Astra (J).[48] Offered in LS, LT, LTZ, and Eco trim lines,[49] both the 1.8 liter and the turbocharged 1.4 liter engines are offered, coupled with either a six-speed manual or automatic transmission.[49] With a starting price of $16,995 that costs more than most of its competitors, the base model Cruze LS is equipped with the 1.8 liter gasoline engine and comes with air-conditioning and power locks, the higher-level LT and LTZ models is fitted with the 1.4 liter turbocharged gasoline engine.[50] [20] For the Eco model, aerodynamic improvements have been made such as an electronically controlled air shutter that adjusts air flow to the engine depending on the temperature, wind speed and tow weight.[51]

 
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Standard safety equipment includes electronic stability control and ten airbags, including side rear-seat and front knee airbags not fitted on models produced in the original South Korea facility.[52] The Cobalt's badge engineered twin, the Pontiac G5, has not been replaced by a Cruze-based equivalent, due the Pontiac brand being phased during 2010.[53] The Cruze is built on the production lines that were used to build the Cobalt and Pontiac G5 in Lordstown, Ohio.[54] Cobalt production ended in June 2010 and the Cruze started production in July 2010. GM has allocated three shifts to produce the Cruze and will arrive at dealers in September 2010, giving all dealers time to deplete their inventories of Cobalts.[55] The Chevrolet Cruze has received favorable reviews from the automotive media with Autoblog claiming that "Cruze sails into new era of small cardom".[56]

Daewoo Lacetti Premiere

South Korean-market versions of the Cruze entered production there in 2008 as the Daewoo Lacetti Premiere (J300).[10] The Lacetti debuted on October 30, 2008, featuring the 1.6 liter naturally aspirated engine.[57] On January 30, 2009, GM Daewoo introduced the turbodiesel engine variant.[58]

Holden Cruze

Holden JG Cruze CDX sedan (Australia)

The Australian arm of GM, Holden, announced at the Melbourne International Motor Show on February 27, 2009 that sales of the South Korean-produced Cruze would be begin under the Holden brand.[59] Replacing the Holden Viva, the Cruze reached dealerships on June 1.[60] The Cruze also became the replacement for the Holden Astra, dropped from the Holden lineup despite a new model due to unfavorable exchange rates.[61][62]

Holden JG Cruze CD interior (Australia)
Holden JG Cruze CDX sedan (Australia)

Given the model designation "JG", the Holden Cruze launched with the 1.8 liter Ecotec petrol and optional 2.0 liter turbodiesel engine. Either way, both engines are mated to the five-speed manual transmission or optional six-speed automatic (see above). Electronic stability control (ESC), seat belt pretensioners and six airbags are standard across the board.[24] Specification-wise, a price-leading CD opens up the range, finished off with a more upmarket CDX. The CD comes equipped with 16 inch steel wheels, air conditioning, cruise control, a trip computer, power windows and automatic headlamps.[63] CDX versions add 17 inch alloy wheels, front fog lamps, leather-wrapped steering wheel and upholstery, heated front seats and rear parking sensors.[64] While CDX cars were initially a petrol-only model, in early-2010 the CDX diesel surfaced, available with both the automatic and manual transmissions.[65]

On March 18, 2010, Holden issued a recall for 9,098 petrol-engined model year 2010 Cruzes in Australia and a further 485 in New Zealand over a faulty fuel hose. According to Holden, some hoses on 1.8 liter cars had developed a leakage, although no accidents or injuries had been reported prior to the recall.[66] The recall followed a stop-delivery notice issued by Holden to its dealers on March 3 while the automaker conducted an investigation into the matter.[67]

As announced on December 22, 2008, Holden's Elizabeth, South Australia production line will be split, and local production of the Cruze sedan and an Australian-developed hatchback will begin.[68] Production commencement was originally scheduled to start by September 2010.[69] However, it was confirmed in January 2010 that production would in fact begin in March 2011. The company has also confirmed that the Australian built Cruze will initially be 70 percent imported with an aim of reducing that figure as production grows.[19] The announcement to assemble the car came as a response to the slowing sales of the larger, locally-produced Holden Commodore range. The Australian Government has committed AU$149 million to the programme, with a further $30 million given by the State Government of South Australia. GM Holden will match both grants, however, chairman and managing director Mark Reuss would not reveal Holden's total investment.[68] What was revealed was that the vehicle will be produced with four-cylinder direct-injection petrol and diesel engines.[70] On top of this, Reuss announced that liquid petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) and ethanol (E85) flexible-fuel powertrain technologies, and a hybrid start-stop system are all under consideration. One or more of these "alternative" fuel systems would allow Holden to take advantage of the Australian Government's AU$6.2 billion "Green Car Innovation Fund".[71] Although currently under development, the Holden designed and engineered Cruze hatchback has been designed for global markets,[72] with Holden export plans "being formulated for the car".[73]

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